Loss factor for the use of INA bearings
Bearings have been widely used in many fields. Understanding the causes of INA bearing losses is important for our use of bearings.
The use factors of the loss INA bearing mainly refer to whether the installation adjustment, the use and maintenance, the maintenance and repair, etc. meet the technical requirements. The installation condition is one of the primary factors in the use factor. The bearing is often changed due to improper installation, and the force state between the parts of the whole bearing changes, and the bearing runs and loses under abnormal conditions. According to the technical requirements for the installation, use, maintenance and maintenance of plastic bearings, monitor and check the load, speed, working temperature, vibration, noise and lubrication conditions of the bearing in operation, find the cause and find the cause immediately, and make adjustments. It returned to normal.
Rolling bearings are classified by size
Imported bearings are classified according to their outer diameter size:
Miniature bearings - bearings with a nominal outside diameter range of 26 mm or less.
Small bearings - bearings with a nominal outside diameter range of 28-55 mm.
Small and medium-sized bearings – bearings with a nominal outside diameter range of 60-115 mm.
Medium and large bearings - bearings with a nominal outside diameter range of 120-190mm.
Large bearings - imported bearings with a nominal outside diameter range of 200-430mm.
Extra large bearings - bearings with a nominal outside diameter range of 440 mm or more.
Analysis of the Influence of TIMKEN Micro-bearing Lubrication Method on Performance
When testing the advantages of chrome steel and stainless steel as TIMKEN bearing materials, they were found to not only have rust preventive effects. Chrome steel is the most common miniature bearing material. It is harder than stainless steel, so it lasts longer. However, at higher temperatures, its performance is not good.
At a high temperature of 120C, it undergoes tremendous deformation and the load is reduced. It can withstand a high temperature of 150C, but an instantaneous temperature of 150C or higher will reduce the life of the imported bearings. The heat treatment can subject the bearing to an elevated temperature of 170C.
The purpose of lubrication of TIMKEN bearings is to reduce internal friction and wear of the bearings, to prevent sticking, and the lubricating effect is as follows.
(1). Reduce friction and wear.
In the mutual contact portion of the ferrule, the rolling element and the retainer constituting the micro bearing, metal contact is prevented, and friction and wear are reduced.
(2). Extend fatigue life.
The rolling fatigue life of the bearing is prolonged when the rolling contact surface is well lubricated during rotation. Conversely, if the oil viscosity is low and the thickness of the lubricating oil film is not good, it is shortened.
(3). Discharge friction heat, cooling
The circulation oil supply method or the like can be used to discharge heat generated by friction or heat from the outside to cool. Prevent the bearing from overheating and prevent the lubricant from aging itself.
(4). Other
There is also the effect of preventing foreign matter from entering the inside of the bearing or preventing rust and corrosion.
Lubrication method:
The lubrication method of TIMKEN bearings is divided into grease lubrication and oil lubrication. In order to make the miniature bearing function well, first of all, it is necessary to select a lubrication method suitable for the conditions of use and purpose of use. Lubricity of oil lubrication predominates if only lubrication is considered. However, grease lubrication has the advantage of simplifying the structure around the bearing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of grease lubrication and oil lubrication.
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IKO cam bearing lubrication technique to solve the raceway noise analysis
The source of the rolling sound is caused by the natural vibration of the ferrule after the load. Due to the elastic contact of the ferrule and the rolling body, a nonlinear vibration system is formed. When the lubrication or machining accuracy is not high, the natural vibration associated with this elastic characteristic is excited, and when it is transmitted to the air, it becomes noise. It is well known that even if IKO bearing parts are processed using the most advanced manufacturing techniques in the world, there will always be small geometric errors in the working surface, which will cause small fluctuations between the raceway and the rolling elements to excite the natural vibration of the vibration system.
First, the bearing drip lubrication method
Drip oil lubrication is suitable for the bearing parts that need to be supplied quantitatively to the lubricating oil. The amount of oil to be dripped is preferably every 3-8 seconds. Excessive oil quantity will cause the bearing temperature to increase.
Second, the oil bath lubrication method of cam bearings
Oil bath lubrication is the common lubrication method in most cam bearings and is suitable for lubrication of low and medium speed IKO bearings. A part of the bearing is immersed in the groove, the lubricating oil is brought up by the rotating bearing part, and then flows back to the oil groove oil surface should be slightly lower than the center of the lowest rolling element.
Third, the radiation lubrication of the bearing
The low pressure oil is injected into the bearing through the nozzle by the oil pump, and the oil injected into the bearing flows into the oil groove through the other end of the bearing. When the bearing rotates at high speed, the rolling element and the cage also cause the surrounding air to flow at a relatively high rotational speed. It is difficult to send the lubricating oil to the bearing in a smooth manner. In this case, it is necessary to spray the smooth oil with low-pressure radiation. In the bearing, the position of the nozzle should be placed between the inner ring and the center of the cage.
Fourth, the bearing lubrication method
The oil is pumped to the cam bearing component by an oil pump, and then filtered and cooled by the lubricating oil after the bearing. Because the circulating oil can take away a certain amount of heat and cool the IKO bearing, this method is used for bearing parts with higher rotational speed.
Five, bearing spray lubrication method
The use of boring shrinking air is mixed with smooth oil through a sprayer to create an oil mist. In the radial bearing, the air flow can effectively cool the bearing and prevent the intrusion of impurities. This method is suitable for the smoothness of high speed and low temperature bearing components.
Although the bearing raceway noise is unavoidable, it is possible to use high-precision machining of the working surface of the part, the correct selection of the bearing and the precise use of the bearing to reduce noise and vibration.
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Analysis of Abnormal Phenomenon Caused by FAG Bearings
One: FAG bearing grease rheology:
1. When the grease is not subjected to external force, it can maintain a certain shape like a solid, that is, it will not automatically lose when it is at rest.
2. In the case of extremely high shear stress (high shear rate), the grease flows like a Newtonian fluid, and the viscosity can be kept constant without changing with the shear rate.
3. When subjected to weak external force, elastic deformation occurs; after removing the external force, it can return to its original position and shape, exhibiting the elastic properties of the solid.
4. When the applied external force is large enough, the grease deforms and flows, and thus can no longer automatically return to the original position and shape, so the starting torque of the grease on the mechanically moving part is larger than that of the liquid lubricating oil.
Two: FAG bearing grease defects:
1. Grease is semi-solid and does not flow at normal temperature, so it is difficult to add grease or change grease on friction parts. FAG bearing cleaning is not very convenient.
2. The stirring resistance is large, so the heat generation is large and the cooling effect is poor. However, it should be noted here that this has a close relationship with the lubrication method. If the lubricating oil is lubricated with a fully immersed (or semi-immersed) oil bath, the grease will consume less power than the oil. For example, the British Journal of Friction and Lubrication reported in 1973, 6th issue: With a rolling FAG bearing with a diameter of 100, the speed is 1500r/min, and it is lubricated with grease. There are many examples of energy consumption in China, such as the refractory plant of Chongqing Iron and Steel Company. The motor power of the refractory tunnel kiln induced draft fan is grease compared to the N68 lubricant. The FAG bearing temperature is 4~6 °C lower.
3. The base oil is the carrier of the additive, and the additive does not function if the base oil fails.
4. Due to the mechanical action, the lubricating base filled in the FAG bearing configuration will gradually lose its lubricating properties. Therefore, the grease needs to be continuously replenished and updated. The interval between lubricant replenishment varies depending on the formation, size, and rotational speed of the FAG bearing, and the approximate interval of replenishment of the grease is required depending on the operation time.
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Process characteristics for judging the vibration of imported bearings and the temperature of imported bearings
First, the vibration of imported bearings
The vibration of the imported bearing is very sensitive to the damage of the imported bearing. For example, peeling, indentation, rust, crack, wear, etc. will be reflected in the vibration measurement of the imported bearing. Therefore, by using a special bearing vibration measuring device (frequency analyzer, etc.) The magnitude of the vibration is measured, and the specific situation of the abnormality cannot be inferred by the frequency division. The measured values vary depending on the conditions of use of the bearing or the mounting position of the sensor. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and compare the measured values of each machine in advance to determine the judgment standard.
Second, the temperature of the imported bearings
The temperature of the imported bearing is generally estimated by the temperature outside the bearing. If the oil hole can directly measure the temperature of the outer ring of the imported bearing, it is more suitable.
Usually, the temperature of the imported bearing rises slowly as the bearing starts to run, and reaches a steady state after 1-2 hours. The normal temperature of the imported bearings varies with the heat capacity, heat dissipation, speed and load of the machine. If the lubrication and installation parts are suitable, the temperature of the imported bearings will rise sharply, and abnormal high temperature will occur. At this time, it is necessary to stop the operation and take necessary precautions.
The thermal sensor can be used to monitor the working temperature of the imported bearing at any time, and automatically alarm or stop the occurrence of the burning shaft accident when the temperature exceeds the specified value.
The use of high temperatures often indicates that the bearing is in an abnormal condition. High temperatures are also detrimental to the lubricants of imported bearings. Sometimes bearing overheating can be attributed to the lubricant of the bearing. Long-term continuous rotation of the bearing at temperatures above 125 °C will reduce bearing life. Causes of high temperature imported bearings include: insufficient lubrication or excessive lubrication, lubricants. Containing impurities, excessive load, loss of imported bearings, insufficient clearance, and high friction caused by oil seals.
Therefore, it is necessary to continuously monitor the temperature of the imported bearings, whether it is measuring the bearing itself or other important parts. If the operating conditions are the same, any temperature change can indicate that a fault has occurred.
The periodic measurement of the temperature of the imported bearing can be carried out by means of a thermometer, such as a digital thermometer, which can accurately measure the temperature of the imported bearing and display it in °C or Fahrenheit.
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How to determine if SKF imported bearings should be replaced
The specific judgment method of whether the imported bearing should be repaired, that is, the specific judgment method that the imported bearing has been fully utilized and the damage is adjacent is as follows:
1) Using imported bearing working condition monitoring instrument
It is the most convenient and reliable method to judge the working state of the imported bearings and determine when the imported bearings should be repaired by using the instrument such as the iron spectrometer or the SPM or I-ID-1 type imported bearing working condition monitoring instrument.
For example, when using the HD-1 type instrument, when the pointer approaches the danger zone from the warning zone, and the pointer does not return after taking measures such as improving lubrication, it can be found that the problem of the imported bearing itself is not yet dangerous. When the zone is in place, the imported bearings will be repaired. How far from the danger zone begins to repair, can be adjusted by experience.
With such an instrument, it is possible to make full use of the working potential of the imported bearings, timely repair the imported bearings, and avoid failures, which is safe and economical.
2) Monitor with simple tools
In the case where the above instruments are not available, the operator can hold the tool such as a round bar or a wrench against the outer casing of the machine that is closest to the imported bearing, and shame the ear on the tool to monitor the running sound of the imported bearing transmitted by the tool. Of course, the medical stethoscope is modified. Also.
The normal imported bearing operation sound should be uniform, smooth and not harsh, and the abnormal imported bearing operation sound has various intermittent, impact or harsh sounds. First of all, we should get used to the normal operation of the imported bearings, and then we can grasp the abnormal operation of the imported bearings, and then through the accumulation of practical experience, we can further analyze what kind of abnormal sound corresponds to what kind of imported bearings. normal phenomenon. There are many types of abnormal sounds in imported bearings, which are difficult to tell, and mainly rely on experience accumulation.
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How to lubricate and maintain INA bearings
Germany INA bearings, pure quality, high precision products, hundreds of thousands of varieties, widely used in different environments and machinery, known as the "mechanical industry food" reputation, has more than 80 years of INA bearing production experience We continue to improve existing products, develop and develop new products, and always maintain a leading edge in technology. INA bearings are widely used in all walks of life, and their high-speed, high-precision spindle INA bearings enjoy a high reputation in the machine tool industry. All kinds of excellent characteristics are generally reflected in all INA bearings, and have a high limit speed and bearing capacity and cost performance. Lubrication has an important effect on the life of INA bearings, so we need to apply the correct lubrication and maintenance methods.
1, oil bath lubrication
Oil bath lubrication INA bearing common lubrication method, suitable for lubrication of low and medium speed INA bearings. A part of the INA bearing is immersed in the groove, and the lubricating oil is taken up by the rotating INA bearing part and then flows back to the oil groove. The oil level should be slightly lower than the center of the lowest rolling element.
2, drip lubrication
Drip oil lubrication is suitable for INA bearing parts that need to supply lubricating oil quantitatively. The amount of dripping oil is generally one drop every 3-8 seconds. Excessive oil quantity will cause the temperature of INA bearing to increase.
3, circulating oil lubrication
The filtered oil is sent to the INA bearing component by an oil pump, and then filtered and cooled by the lubricating oil after the INA bearing. Since the circulating oil can take away a certain amount of heat and cool the INA bearing, this method is suitable for INA bearing parts with higher speed.
4, spray lubrication
The dry compressed air is mixed with the lubricating oil through a sprayer to form an oil mist. In the INA bearing, the airflow can effectively cool the INA bearing and prevent the intrusion of impurities. This method is suitable for the lubrication of high speed, high temperature INA bearing components.
5, injection lubrication
The high-pressure oil is injected into the INA bearing through the nozzle by the oil pump, and the oil injected into the INA bearing flows into the oil groove through the other end of the INA bearing. When the INA bearing rotates at a high speed, the rolling elements and the cage also form a gas flow at the relatively high rotation speed of the surrounding air. It is difficult to send the lubricating oil to the INA bearing by the general lubrication method, and the lubrication must be performed by the high-pressure injection method. The oil is sprayed into the INA bearing and the position of the nozzle should be placed between the inner ring and the center of the cage.
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Talking about the application of industrial fan bearing
High temperature operation without the need to switch to costly lubrication methods: the higher the fan speed, the more heat is generated. This usually requires the conversion of grease lubrication to a more costly oil bath process, even at a more expensive cycle oil process. However, in many cases, the performance of the fan can be improved without the use of a more costly lubrication method.
High-performance fans lubricated with oil or circulating oil: High-performance industrial fans operate at very high speeds and sometimes operate at high temperatures. Under these conditions, oil is generally used as a lubricant. Oil lubrication will ensure that the bearing operating temperature is reduced and the relubrication interval is extended.
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Application and maintenance of deep groove ball bearings
Since the reform and opening up, as we joined the WTO and gradually emerged from the international competition, China's bearing industry has been developing stably and rapidly.
According to the annual report of the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2004, the national bearing industry and state-owned holding enterprises and the non-public enterprises with annual sales of more than 5 million yuan have reached 927. In 2003, the bearing output of the whole industry was 4.1 billion sets, and the bearing sales revenue was 39.2 billion yuan. China's bearing sales have jumped to the fourth place in the world, becoming the world's largest bearing production country. In particular, miniature and small deep groove ball bearings have become the world's most productive countries.
As a kind of sub-class of bearings, deep groove ball bearings are widely used in modern equipment manufacturing industry because of their wide application and long service life. The processing precision and quality of equipments have been greatly improved. It can be said that deep groove ball bearings In the future equipment installation will be a large number of applications, and its market prospects will be broader.
The wide application of deep groove ball bearings has benefited from the common understanding of the majority of equipment workers, and has been accepted by everyone for its excellent performance. I have been engaged in the maintenance and repair of mechanical equipment for many years. I have contacted deep groove ball bearings in many aspects, and I have a lot of understanding about its installation, use and maintenance. I have summarized some experiences and discussed with you.
Overview
Deep groove ball bearings generally consist of a pair of ferrules, a set of rigid balls and a set of cages. The deep groove ball bearing type code is 6. It is the most common and widely used type of bearing. Deep The groove ball bearing has simple structure and convenient use, and is the largest in production batch and bears a certain axial load. When the radial clearance of the bearing is increased, the function of the angular contact ball bearing can withstand large axial load.
Deep groove ball bearings are mainly used to withstand pure radial loads, and can also withstand radial loads and axial loads. When they are only subjected to pure radial loads, the contact angle is zero. When the deep groove ball bearing has large radial clearance, it has the performance of angular contact bearing and can withstand large axial load. The deep groove ball bearing has a small friction coefficient and the limit rotation speed is also very high, especially in Deep groove ball bearings are more advantageous than thrust ball bearings under high-speed operating conditions with large axial loads. Compared with other types of bearings of the same size, such bearings have small friction factor and high limit speed. In the case of a thrust ball bearing, the bearing can be subjected to axial load. After the deep groove ball bearing is mounted on the shaft, the axial displacement of the shaft or the outer casing can be limited to the axial clearance of the bearing. Meanwhile, when the outer casing When the hole and the shaft (or the outer ring to the inner ring) are relatively inclined, (not more than 8-16 according to the clearance) can still work normally. However, if there is a slope, it is necessary to reduce the bearing life.
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How to extend the three principles of FAG bearing life
(1) Select FAG bearing model with high load capacity
FAG bearing selection should take into account the price of the bearing, or use FAG bearings with higher load capacity but more expensive, or use ordinary FAG bearings and try to extend their life. Use high-load FAG bearings, such as cylindrical roller bearings with convexity, spherical roller bearings with symmetrical rollers, reinforced tapered roller bearings and ball bearings, ball bearings modified with ball groove, or FAG bearings of the 70000CD series replace deep groove (single row centripetal) ball bearings. These high load capacity FAG bearings may have a higher fatigue life due to improved stress distribution or due to the larger number of rolling elements.
(2) Choose the right FAG bearing size
In order to properly size the FAG bearing, the working load, speed and operating temperature of the FAG bearing must be accurately calculated or actually checked. The load has the greatest impact on the life of the FAG bearing, so the load is the most difficult to measure, but it should be measured as accurately as possible. When the load measurement is difficult, the actual power consumption of the motor can be measured, and the power loss along the path is calculated according to the transmission route until the actual FAG bearing load is calculated. The calculated or measured load is too large, and the expected fatigue life of FAG bearings must be reduced to a greater extent and must be remedied. If the installation location allows, the FAG bearing of the larger size can be selected; if the radial size is limited, the wider FAG bearing should be selected if there is a wider FAG bearing; if the wider FAG bearing cannot be used, it can be changed. FAG bearings with high load carrying capacity.
(3) Choosing the right FAG bearing material
The choice of FAG bearing materials should also take into account its price, and when vacuum smelting or electroslag remelting steel has to be used, care must be taken to improve the lubrication conditions in order to double the expected fatigue life of FAG bearings. Of course, the cost of FAG bearings made from such high-quality steel is much more expensive than the FAG bearings with higher load capacity, but FAG bearings that are difficult to access and extremely difficult to assemble and disassemble in machines, or mines and tunnels. The FAG bearings used are often difficult to be used for maintenance, and sometimes must be considered.
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Maintenance of INA bearings on the pump
Many of the maintenance of INA bearings are the same, but each industry has different maintenance. Today I will introduce the maintenance of the INA bearing on the pump.
(1) The pump that is newly put into use must be replaced with grease (oil) after 100 hours of operation, and then replaced once every 500 hours.
(2) Flow INA bearing lubricated with grease. After 1500 hours of operation, the grease should be replaced. The amount of oil to be filled should not be too much or too little, because too much or too little grease will cause the INA bearing to heat up. Generally, it is suitable to hold 1/2 to 2/3 of the volume of the INA bearing chamber.
(3) For INA bearings lubricated with lubricating oil, the amount of oil should be added to the specified position.
(4) The container containing lubricating oil or grease should be clean and should be sealed properly. There should be no dust, iron filings and other debris to avoid damage to the INA bearing.
(5) Motor INA bearings generally use sodium-based grease, which is characterized by high temperature resistance (125 ° C), but is easy to dissolve in water, so it can not be used for lubrication of pump INA bearings.
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Adjustment and preloading of rolling bearing clearance
The assembly of rolling bearings is a common operation in the assembly and repair work of the fitter, and the adjustment and preloading of the rolling bearing clearance is an important part of the rolling bearing assembly work. Accurately grasping the process concept of clearance adjustment and pre-tightening, and correctly applying this process in assembly work is the guarantee of the quality of bearing assembly work.
The clearance of the rolling bearing refers to the maximum amount of movement of the other ferrule in the radial or axial direction when one ferrule is fixed, so the clearance is divided into radial clearance and axial clearance.
When the rolling bearing is assembled, its play should not be too large or too small. If the clearance is too large, the number of rolling bodies that can bear the load at the same time is reduced, so that the load of the single rolling body is increased, thereby reducing the rotation precision of the bearing and reducing the service life; if the clearance is too small, the frictional force is increased, resulting in an increase The increased heat, which exacerbates wear and tear, also reduces the service life of the bearing. Therefore, many bearings must be tightly controlled and adjusted during assembly.
The pre-tightening is that when the bearing is assembled, an axial force is applied to the inner ring or the outer ring of the bearing to eliminate the bearing play and cause initial deformation of the rolling element in contact with the inner and outer rings. Preloading can improve the stiffness and rotation accuracy of the bearing under working conditions. For bearings with large load and high rotational accuracy, most of them work without clearance or even a small amount of interference. In this case, the bearings need to be pre-tensioned during assembly.
The adjustment and preloading of the clearance are usually carried out by means of a suitable axial relative displacement of the inner ring of the bearing to the outer ring.
It is not difficult to see from the above concept of the technology that the adjustment of the rolling bearing clearance can improve the bearing capacity and rotation accuracy of the bearing and improve the service life of the bearing. At the same time, the bearing friction will be intensified and the heat generation will increase. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure good lubrication and heat dissipation while adjusting the clearance or pre-tightening. If improperly adjusted or poorly lubricated, it will in turn increase bearing wear and reduce life. Therefore, the following problems must be noted in the correct adjustment and preloading of the rolling bearing clearance.
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NSK cylindrical roller bearing common fault
The fault phenomenon of NSK cylindrical roller bearings generally shows two types. One is that the temperature of the bearing installation part is too high, and the other is that there is noise in the bearing operation.
1. Bearing temperature is too high
When the mechanism is running, the part where the bearing is installed is allowed to have a certain temperature. When the body of the mechanism is touched by hand, it should be normal to not feel hot, otherwise the bearing temperature is too high.
The reasons for the bearing temperature being too high are: the quality of the lubricating oil does not meet the requirements or deteriorates, the viscosity of the lubricating oil is too high; the assembly of the mechanism is too tight (the gap is insufficient); the bearing assembly is too tight; the bearing race rotates on the shaft or inside the casing; Large; bearing cage or rolling body fragmentation.
2. Bearing noise
NSK cylindrical roller bearings allow a slight running noise during operation. If the sound is too loud or there is abnormal noise or impact, the bearing is faulty.
The cause of noise generated by NSK cylindrical roller bearings is more complicated. One is the wear of the inner and outer rings of the bearing. Due to this wear, the bearing and the housing, the bearing and the shaft are broken, resulting in the axis deviating from the correct position and generating an abnormal sound when the shaft is moving at a high speed. When the bearing is fatigued, the surface metal peeling off will also increase the radial clearance of the bearing to produce abnormal noise. In addition, insufficient bearing lubrication, dry friction, and bearing crushing can produce abnormal sounds. After the bearing wears loose, the cage is loose and damaged, and abnormal noise is also generated.
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Rolling bearing maintenance problem
Rolling bearings are mass-produced mechanical parts, and the manufacturing precision is very strict, and the degree of specialization in technology is very high. Therefore, for most of the easy-to-buy bearing types, it should be more cost-effective to buy than in the following cases. Only consider the bearing repair problem, namely:
(1) A large number of bearings of the same type used in large factories are mainly in the form of wear on the rolling surface, fatigue or fretting abrasion, especially the damaged parts are mostly cages or rolling elements, and the ferrules or gaskets are still repaired. value;
(2) Large and extra large bearings, which have no major damage to the parts due to failure or failure, or valuable bearings must be managed to extend their useful life;
(3) Some types of bearings that are really difficult to purchase, have no spare parts after failure and have to be repaired, especially imported bearings;
(4) The bearing has slight damage, such as slight rust generated during the inventory period, and slight fretting abrasion caused by transportation. It is a pity that such repair is easy and abandon.
In addition to economics, the repair of the bearing is also technical, which requires the repairer to fully understand the corresponding technical requirements of the bearing, and the structural, technical and material characteristics of the bearing and its parts, otherwise it is difficult to ensure that the bearing repair has The desired effect.
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Causes and prevention methods of corrosion of imported bearings
Causes and Prevention of Corrosion of Imported Bearings Corrosion of imported bearings is caused by various internal and external factors. The main ones are:
1, metal surface finish (oxygen concentration difference battery corrosion).
2. The chemical composition and structure of the metal material itself.
3. The composition of the solution and the pH value in contact with the metal surface;
4. Ambient temperature and humidity.
5. Various environmental media in contact with the metal surface.
6, other people's sweat is also the cause of bearing corrosion, its pH is 5 ~ 6. Therefore, in order to prevent rust caused by hand sweat, the installation and production personnel should wear gloves, do not touch the imported bearings by hand.
Apply anti-rust oil to prevent skf bearing from rusting
1. Immersion method: Some small imported bearings are immersed in anti-rust grease. The thickness of the oil film can be achieved by controlling the temperature or viscosity of the anti-rust grease. A method of adhering a layer of rust preventive grease to the surface.
2, brushing method: pay attention to evenly spread on the surface of the imported bearing when brushing, do not produce accumulation, but also pay attention to prevent leakage coating.
3. Spray method: Some large-scale anti-rust materials are not suitable for oiling by immersion method. Generally, the compressed air with a pressure of about 0.7Mpa is sprayed in the air cleaning place. The spray method is suitable for solvent-diluted rust preventive oil or thin layer rust preventive oil. This method must use sound fire protection and labor protection measures.
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Detailed explanation: several types of bearings
Deep groove ball bearings, angular contact ball bearings, four-point contact ball bearings, self-aligning ball bearings, tapered roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, spherical roller bearings, these types of bearings are all over, the use is common, the model How many kinds of tens of thousands of species, let us briefly introduce the construction of these types of bearings, advantages and limitations of the use of the industry.
Deep groove ball bearing
The most representative rolling bearing is of common use. Radial load and bidirectional axial load are acceptable. It is used in places where high-speed torsion and low noise and low vibration are required. Sealed bearings with steel dust caps or rubber seals are pre-filled with excess smooth grease and bearings with snap rings or flanges on the outer ring for easy axial positioning and for easy installation in the housing. The size of the maximum load bearing is the same as that of the standard bearing, but there is a filling groove in the inner and outer rings, adding the number of balls to be loaded, and the additional load is mainly used for the support frame and the steel plate stamping frame (waveform, crown shape...single row; S Shape...double column)
The copper alloy or phenolic resin is cut and adhered to the frame to form a resin forming holder.
Primary use:
Automotive: rear wheels, transmissions, electrical installation components
Electrical: General Electric Ideas, Household Appliances
Others: instruments, internal combustion engines, construction machinery, railway vehicles, loading and unloading machinery, agricultural machinery, various types of property machinery
Angular contact ball bearings
There is a contact angle between the ferrule and the ball. The standard contact angle is 15°, 30° and 40°. The larger the contact angle, the larger the axial load. The smaller the contact angle, the better the high-speed twist. Single row bearings can accept radial load and one-way axial load. DB combination, DF combination and double row bearings can accept radial load and bidirectional axial load. DT group is suitable for one-way axial load, and additional for single bearing. A place with a lack of load. The high-speed ACH type bearing has small ball diameter and many ball numbers, and is mostly used for machine tool spindles; angular contact ball bearings are used for high-speed and high-precision torsion, and two single-row angular contact ball bearings with reverse combination are constructed to share inner and outer rings. It can accept radial load and bidirectional axial load, and the non-filled groove bearing is also sealed.
The first common use of the support frame: steel stamping adhere to the frame (bowl shape...single row; S-shaped, crown-shaped...double row), copper alloy or phenolic resin cutting and holding frame, forming resin forming and holding frame.
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Domestic and foreign bearing test methods
At present, there are four main types of bearing test methods at home and abroad:
First, friction and wear test;
Second, the test bench test;
Third, the laboratory (test site) simulation test;
Fourth, the actual working conditions of the test.
Foreign countries have used the above several test methods, but the application purpose is different. For example, to develop a brand new product, firstly, a friction and wear test must be performed. However, if there is not much change in the form of friction and wear, only the product size and load conditions change, only the bench, simulation or actual running test is needed. Foreign countries have very strict assessments of new products (such as car wheel bearings, etc.) in key parts, and must be tested in actual operation before they can be approved for use. Swedish SKF bearings, Japan NTN bearings, newly researched bearing simulation test technology, can only replace benches, simulations or experiments, to shorten the time of product design, speed up the progress of product development, but there is still a gap from the actual operation. At present, China's bearing industry has carried out friction and wear tests, only one of Luoyang Bearing Research Institute; has carried out bearing bench test, including Luoyang Bearing Research Institute, Shanghai Axis Research Institute, Hangzhou Bearing Test Center and Wafangdian, Harbin, etc. Yujiaguo has bearing enterprises; Luoyang Bearing Research Institute, Hangzhou Bearing Test Center, Luozhou, Xenxi and other enterprises can be launched for simulation test. In order to carry out the actual test, the bearing manufacturer will only carry out the requirements when the supporting mainframe enterprise puts forward this aspect, such as the wheel bearing of the railway passenger wheel to the bearing and the car. In short, the domestic implementation of simulation and actual operation test is not extensive, and should further expand the scope of the host or the actual working conditions, and prepare sufficient software and hardware for the simulation test to mention the schedule as soon as possible.
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Imported bearing running track method
When the inlet bearing rotates, the raceway surface of the inner ring and the outer ring of the imported bearing is in rolling contact with the rolling element, so the running track is a dark surface, and the running track attached to the raceway surface is not an abnormality, and thus can be changed. Know the load conditions, so when disassembling the imported bearings, please pay close attention to and observe the running track of the raceway surface.
If you carefully observe the trajectory, you will know that you only bear radial loads, withstand large axial loads, withstand moment loads, or have extreme rigidity in the bearing housing. It is possible to check whether the bearing has an unexpected load and the installation error is a national or not, and it is a clue to investigate the bearing damage.
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How to clean the imported bearings?
Bearings hardened by soft dry oil or rust-proof paste should be immersed in hot oil of 100-200 ° C. Clamp the bearing with pliers and brush the oil on the bearing with a brush. The soft dry oil or rust-proof paste is melted when heated to 100-200 ° C, and is easily washed out from the bearing hole. Occasionally, the bearing should be shaken several times in the oil. Oil stains will also flow away from the loopholes (the rollers, the bead frame, the inner ring and the outer ring should also be disengaged when washing). Soak the bearing in the oil for 5-10 minutes, hold the inner ring with one hand, and the other. When the hand rotates the outer ring, the dry oil or rust-proof paste on the bearing will be lost. Then put the bearing into the cleaner oil, brush it with a gold brush, wash the oil in the ball and the hole, then put it in the gasoline for 1 time, take it out and put it on clean paper.
When cleaning spherical ball bearings and short cylindrical roller bearings, the balls, bead frames, inner rings and outer rings should be removed.
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